《People and places》Unit 2 Travelling around the world.（Listening and Grammar）
1.Brainstorming
How much do you know about the Eiffel Tower?
Guess the answers
How tall is the Eiffel Tower?
When was it finished?
How often is it painted?
How many people visit it every year?
Does it have a lift to the top?
How many steps are there to the top of the tower?
Listening
The Eiffel Tower
Listen to a radio program about the Eiffel Tower and complete the notes below.Write one word or figure in each blank.
2.Grammar A
Proper nouns
the Louvre Museum
Paris
The Champs-Elysees
France
the Eiffel Tower
We use a proper noun to refer to the name of a particular person,place,organization or times.
Proper nouns


  
    
      专有名词
      
    
    
      France,Europe,Paris
      the Eiffel Tower,the Great Wall,the Louvre Museum,the French Alps
    
  


What are the differences between the names?
Below are more examples of different proper nouns.


  
    
      Names of people
      Sally webb,Mrs Jacob,Xiao Ling
    
    
      Names of places
      France,the Louvre Museum,the Beijing Railway station
    
    
      Organizations
      the Red Cross,the United Nations,the World Trace Organization
    
    
      Days of the week
      Tuesday,Friday,Saturday
    
    
      Months
      January,March,September
    
    
      Holidays
      the Spring Festival,the Mid-Autumn Festival,Christmas
    
  


专有名词的定义：
专有名词是特定的人、事物、团体、地方、机构等的名称，其首字母要大写。除个别外，专有名词通常没有复数形式。
例如：
1.人名、地名、书籍报刊等：
Jenny,Smith,Caption Grey(格雷船长),Miss White,China,Asia,the Great Wall,London,Times《时代》周刊
2.组织机构、街道场所、建筑物等：
the United Nations，Bank of China，the Summer Palace，the Shanghai Railway Station
3.节日、月份星期等：
the Spring Festival，the DragonBoat Festival，the New Year's Day,the Mother's Day,
May,Sunday
专有名词的注意事项：
1.因为专有名词具有专有独一性，所以一般情况下，专有名词的第一个字母要大写，不能在专有名词的前面加上不定冠词"a"或"an"。
如：
Beijing is the capital of China.
How does Alice make Joyce laugh?
但是有时专有名词可以转化成为普通名词，转化后它就具有普通名词的特性了，即可以在其面前加上不定冠词"a"或"an",在其词尾加上表示复数形式的"-s"。以下是专有名词转化成可数普通名词的例子：
A Mr Green called just now.
刚才有位格林先生打来电话。
（此时a Mr Green=a man called Mr Green）
I knew a John Lennon,but not the famous one.
我认识一个叫约翰的人，但不是著名的那一位。
There are three Johns in this class.
这个班里有三个叫约翰的人。
（此时three Johns=three persons called John）
There are many Edisons in our country.
此句有两种不同的意思：
其一、我们国家有许多叫爱迪生的人。
其二、我们国家许多像爱迪生一样的发明家。
2.姓氏是专有名词，一般没有复数形式，而且也不能加定冠词"the".但是，当姓氏的前面加定冠词"the",在后面加上"-s",表示“一家人”。
如：
the Smiths史密斯一家人
The Blacks have moved house.
布莱克一家已经搬走了。
3.有些专有名词表面上看是复数形式，但是在实际使用中谓语动词通常采用单数形式。
如：
the United States 美国
The United Nations was organized in 1945.
联合国是1945年组建起来的。
（这里把“the United Unions”看成一个整体。）
专有名词前加定冠词the的规则：
1.在大多数国名之前不加定冠词the。但当国名为复数名词或词组时（以“n.+of+n.”或“adj+n.”为结构）时必须加上定冠词the。
eg：
the United States of America.
the People's Republic of China.
the United Kingdom.
the United Nations
2.在表示海洋（ocean/sea）河流、岛屿、山脉、沙漠或地区等世界上独一无二的名词之前通常加定冠词the。
eg：
the Paciflc Ocean
the Yellow River
the Peal River
the Alps
the Sun
the East
3.在表示酒店和旅馆、电影院或戏院或剧院的名词前通常加定冠词the。
eg：
the Garden Hotel
the Shanghai Grand Theatre
A2 Read the passage below.Some of the nouns should begin with a capital letter.Underline these nouns and write the correct nouns above them.
Last july,I went to beijing to visit uncle zhang.He took me to many interesting places such as the great wall,the summer palace and the palace museum.I learnt a lot about the ming and the qing dynasties.We also visited the main stadium for the 2008 olympics.We went shopping on wangfujing street.I had a wonderful time in beijing and I plan to visit it again during the spring festival next year.
2.Grammar B
Conjunctions:and,but &so
since yet and because for but until however
(1)but
A French town by the sea is the perfect place for a summer holiday,but if you prefer to visit France in winter,you can try skiing on the mountains in the French Alps.
(2)and
There are many vineyards in the centre of France and farmers grow grapes to make excellent French wine.
(3)France has something for everyone,so why not visit France this year?
Because France has something for everyone.why not visit France this year?
=France has something for everyone,so why not visit France this year?
Conclusion
We use _____ to mean "also".
We use _____ to show a different idea.
We use _____ to show a result.
Memorize these words.You will use them a lot?
Homework
1.跟录音，流利地朗读课文。
2.根据文章中对法国的介绍，推荐去法国旅游值得游览的景点，并说出推荐的理由。
3.完成GrammarA1 和A2的练习。
4.完成《练习册》第18页Vocabulary B，第26页Reading B和第19页至21页Grammar的练习。